Clinical Research Conducted on Capsaicin and Cayenne Pepper
A significant amount of clinical
research has been conducted on cayenne pepper and capsacin, its secondary metabolite or active
ingredient.
In fact, according to Dr. Patrick Quillin (1998) in his book, The Healing Power of Cayenne Pepper, there have been over 3,000 studies done on
capsaicin and cayenne (p. 6).
That's an astonishing figure. Below is an amalgam of various studies I've come across and that
others have done.
I hope it helps you see that cayenne is not a "fad" and that it has garnered a lot of interest not
only among health enthusiasts but among the medical community as well.
Most of the studies have been related to the topical application of capsaicin, but many here
involve cayenne pepper itself as well.
Research Conducted on Cayenne Pepper and/or Capsaicin
Aasvang EK, Hansen JB, Malmstrøm J, Asmussen T,
Gennevois D, Struys MM, Kehlet H. The effect of wound instillation of a novel purified capsaicin formulation on
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PMID: 18635499.
Abdel Salam OM, Moszik G, Szolcsanyi J. Studies
on the effect of intragastric capsaicin on gastric ulcer and on the prostacyclin-induced cytoprotection in rats.
Pharmacol Res. 1995;32:209-215.
Agrawal RC, Wiessler M, Hecker E, et al.
Tumour-promoting effect of chilli extract in BALB/c mice. Int J Cancer 1986;38(5):689-695.
Ahuja KD, Robertson IK, Geraghty DP, Ball MJ. Effects of
chilli consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr.
2006;84(1):63-9.
Ahuja KD, Ball MJ. Effects of daily ingestion of
chilli on serum lipoprotein oxidation in adult men and women. Br J Nutr. 2006;96(2):239-42.
Ahuja KD, Robertson IK, Geraghty DP, Ball MJ.
The effect of 4-week chilli supplementation on metabolic and arterial function in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr.
2007;61(3):326-33.
Allison DB, Fontaine KR, Heshka S, Mentore JL,
Heymsfield SB. Alternative treatments for weight loss: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2001;41(1):1-28;
discussion 39-40.
Alper BS, Lewis PR. Treatment of postherpetic
neuralgia: a systematic review of the literature. J Fam Pract. 2002;51:121-128.
Athanasiou A., et al. Vanilloid receptor
agonists and antagonists are mitochondrial inhibitors: how vanilloids cause non-vanilloid receptor mediated cell
death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007 Mar 2; 354(1): 50-55.
Attal N. Chronic neuropathic pain: mechanisms
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Baumann TK, Burchiel KJ, Ingram SL, et al.
Responses of adult human dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture to capsaicin and low pH. Pain 1996;65(1):31-38.
Bernstein JE, Bickers DR, Dahl MV, Roshal JY.
Treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia with topical capsaicin. A preliminary study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987
Jul;17(1):93-6. PMID: 3611458.
Bernstein JE, Parish LC, Rapaport M, et al.
Effects of topically applied capsaicin on moderate and severe psoriasis vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol.
1986;15:504-507.
Biesbroeck R, Bril V, Hollander P, Kabadi U,
Schwartz S, Singh SP, Ward WK, Bernstein JE. A double-blind comparison of topical capsaicin and oral amitriptyline
in painful diabetic neuropathy. Adv Ther. 1995 Mar-Apr;12(2):111-20. PMID: 10150323.
Biro T, Brodie C, Modarres S, et al. Specific
vanilloid responses in C6 rat glioma cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1998;56(1-2):89-98.
Bortolotti M, Coccia G, Grossi G, Miglioli M.
The treatment of functional dyspepsia with red pepper. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Jun;16(6):1075-82. PMID:
12030948.
Bouraoui A, Toumi A, Mustapha HB, et al. Effects
of capsicum fruit on theophylline absorption and bioavailability in rabbits. Drug-Nutrient Interact.
1988;5:345-350.
Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Herbal
Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications;
2000:52-56.
Chaiyata P, Puttadechakum S, Komindr S. Effect
of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) ingestion on plasma glucose response and metabolic rate in Thai women.J Med
Assoc Thai. 2003 Sep;86(9):854-60. 10. 11. 12.
Chitra S, Viswanathan P, Nalini N, et al. Role
of red chilli (Capsaicin) in the formation of colonic carcinoma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1997;40(1):21-25.
Chueh PJ, Morre DJ, Wilkinson FE, et al. A
33.5-kDa heat- and protease-resistant NADH oxidase inhibited by capsaicin from sera of cancer patients. Arch
Biochem Biophys 1997;342(1):38-47.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,
1549-7852, Volume 46, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 275 – 328.
D'Alonzo AJ, Grover GJ, Darbenzio RB, et al. In
vitro effects of capsaicin: antiarrhythmic and antiischemic activity. Eur J Pharmacol.
1995;272(2-3):269-278.
Deal CL, Schnitzer TJ, Lipstein E, Seibold JR,
Stevens RM, Levy MD, Albert D, Renold F. Treatment of arthritis with topical capsaicin: a double-blind trial. Clin
Ther. 1991 May-Jun;13(3):383-95. PMID: 1954640.
Dini D, Bertelli G, Gozza A, Forno GG. Treatment
of the post-mastectomy pain syndrome with topical capsaicin. Pain. 1993 Aug;54(2):223-6. PMID:
8251029.
Duke J. The Green Pharmacy. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale
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Egger G, Cameron-Smith D, Stanton R. The
effectiveness of popular, non-prescription weight loss supplements. Medical Journal of Australia.
1999;171(11-12):604-608.
Ellis CN, Berberian B, Sulica VI, et al. A
double-blind evaluation of topical capsaicin in pruritic psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol.
1993;29:438-442
Ellison N, Loprinzi CL, Kugler J, Hatfield AK,
Miser A, Sloan JA, Wender DB, Rowland KM, Molina R, Cascino TL, Vukov AM, Dhaliwal HS, Ghosh C. Phase III
placebo-controlled trial of capsaicin cream in the management of surgical neuropathic pain in cancer patients. J
Clin Oncol. 1997 Aug;15(8):2974-80. PMID: 9256142.
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Friese KH. Acute otitis media in children: a
comparison of conventional and homeopathic treatment. Biomedical Therapy. 1997;15(4):462-466.
Frucht-Pery J, Feldman ST, Brown SI. The use of
capsaicin in herpes zoster ophthalmicus neuralgia. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1997 Jun;75(3):311-3. PMID:
9253983.
Fusco BM, Giacovazzo M. Peppers and pain. The
promise of capsaicin. Drugs. 1997;53(6):909-914.
Fusco BM, Marabini S, Maggi CA, Fiore G,
Geppetti P. Preventative effect of repeated nasal applications of capsaicin in cluster headache. Pain.
1994;59(3):321-325.
Gagnier JJ, van Tulder M, Berman B, Bombardier
C. Herbal medicine for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. [Review]. 2006 Apr
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Gallo R, Cozzani E, Guarrera M. Sensitization to
pepper (Capsicum annuum) in a latex-allergic patient. Contact Dermatitis. 1997;37(1):36-37.
Graham DY, Anderson SY, Lang T. Garlic or
jalapeno peppers for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol.
1999;94:1200-1202.
Graham, DY, Smith JL, Opekun AR. Spicy food and
the stomach. Evaluation by videoendoscopy. JAMA. 1988;260:3473-3475.
Gonzalez R, Dunkel R, Koletzko B, et al. Effect
of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce suspension on upper gastrointestinal motility in healthy volunteers. Dig
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Hail N, Lotan R. Examining the role of
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Hakas JF Jr. Topical capsaicin induces cough in
patient receiving ACE inhibitor. Ann Allergy. 1990;65:322.
Hartung M, Leah J, Zimmerman M. The excitation
of cutaneous nerve endings in a neuroma by capsaicin. Brain Res 1989;499(2):363-366.
Hautkappe M, Roizen MF, Toledano A, Roth S,
Jeffries JA, Ostermeier AM. Review of the effectiveness of capsaicin for painful cutaneous disorders and neural
dysfunction. [Review]. Clin J Pain. 1998;14(2):97-106.
Heck AM, DeWitt BA, Lukes AL. Potential
interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin. [Review]. Am J Health Syst Pharm.
2000;57(13):1221-1227.
Holzer P, Pabst MA, Lippe IT. Intragastric
capsaicin protects against aspirin-induced lesion formation and bleeding in the rat gastric mucosa.
Gastroenterology. 1989;96:1425-1433.
Hwang JT, Park IJ, Shin JI, Lee YK, Lee SK, Baik
HW, Ha J, Park OJ. Genistein, EGCG, and capsaicin inhibit adipocyte differentiation process via activating
AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Dec 16;338(2):694-9. Epub 2005 Oct 11. PMID:
16236247.
Jang JJ, Kim SH, Yun TK. Inhibitory effect of
capsaicin on mouse lung tumor development. In Vivo 1989;3(1):49-53.
Jensen PG, Larson JR. Management of painful
diabetic neuropathy [Review]. Drugs Aging. 2001;18(10):737-749.
Jung MY, Kang HJ, Moon A. Capsaicin-induced
apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 hepatocarcinoma cells involves Bcl-2 down regulation and caspase-3 activation. Cancer Lett
2001;165:139-145.
Kang JY, Yeoh KG, Chia HP, Lee HP, Chia YW, Guan R, Yap I.
Chili--protective factor against peptic ulcer? Dig Dis Sci. 1995 Mar;40(3):576-9. PMID:
7895548.
Karch SB. The Consumer's Guide to Herbal
Medicine. Hauppauge, New York: Advanced Research Press; 1999:57-58.
Keitel W, Frerick H, Kuhn U, Schmidt U, Kuhlmann
M, Bredehorst A. Capsicum pain plaster in chronic non-specific low back pain. Arzneimittelforschung.
2001;51:896-903.
Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K. Integrity of
erythrocytes of hypercholesterolemic rats during spices treatment. Mol Cell Biochem 2002 Jul;236(1-2):155-61
2002.
Kenney JK, Jamjian C, Wheeler MM. Prevention and
management of pain associated with Herpes zoster. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care in Pain and Symptom Control.
1999;7(3):7-26.
Kim JD, Kim JM, Pyo JO, et al. Capsaicin can
alter the expression of tumor forming-related genes which might be followed by induction of apoptosis of a Korean
stomach cancer cell line, SNU-1. Cancer Lett 1997;120(2):235-241.
LaHann TR. Effect of capsaicin on croton oil and
TPA induced tumorigenesis and inflammation. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 1986;29:145-149.
Lee YS, Kwon EJ, Jin Da Q, et al. Redox
status-dependent regulation of cyclooxygenases mediates the capsaicin-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma
cells. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2002;21:113-120.
Lee IO, Lee KH, Pyo JH, Kim JH,
Choi YJ, Lee YC (2007). "Anti-inflammatory effect of capsaicin in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric
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Lee YS, Nam DH, Kim JA. Induction of apoptosis
by capsaicin in A172 human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Lett 2000;161(1):121-130.
Lim, K., et al.
(1997). Dietary red pepper ingestion increases carbohydrate oxidation at rest
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Leung FW. Capsaicin-sensitive intestinal mucosal
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Lopez-Carrillo L, Hernandez Avila M, Dubrow R.
Chili pepper consumption and gastric cancer in Mexico: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol
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Low PA, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Dyck PJ, et al.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the application of capsaicin cream in chronic distal painful
polyneuropathy. Pain. 1995;62:163-168.
Macho A, Blázquez MV, Navas P, et al. Induction
of apoptosis by vanilloid compounds does not require de novo gene
transcription and activator protein 1 activity. Cell Growth Differ 1998;9:277-286.
Macho A, Calzado MA, Munoz-Blanco J, et al.
Selective induction of apoptosis by capsaicin in transformed cells: the role of reactive oxygen species and
calcium. Cell Death Differ 1999;6:155-165.
Macho A, Lucena C, Calzado MA, et al. Phorboid
20-homovanillates induce apoptosis through a VR1-independent mechanism. Chem Biol 2000;7:483-492.
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Mathias BJ, Dillingham TR, Zeigler DN, Chang AS,
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McCarty DJ, Csuka M, McCarthy, et al. Treatment
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oxidase activity from sera altered by capsaicin is widely distributed among cancer patients. Arch Biochem Biophys
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Morre DJ, Chueh PJ, Morre DM. Capsaicin inhibits
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11.
Well, there you have it. This list will grow as I come across other studies. If you hear of any,
please do email me at:
I hope this webpage has been useful to you.
References
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